Go to Wikipedia and look up "Ackermann steering". The purpose of Ackermann steering is to turn the inside wheel a little more than the outside wheel. The reason for this; the inside wheel is turning a tighter arc than the outside wheel. If the inside wheel turns more than is necessary, compared to the outside wheel, it's just scrubbing along the ground, i.e., not rolling as good as it could.
Unfortunately, I know of no kart built in the world today with true Ackermann steering. The idea that you want to turn the inside wheel more, or less, than Ackermann would do is ridiculous, of course in my humble opinion. Not that I have any "humble opinions".
As far as moving the tie rods closer and/or further from the kingpin is just a matter of personal preference. Try them all and see what you prefer. The closer the tie rods are to the king pins, the quicker the steering and the more the effort to steer, just the opposite for farther away.
All karts steering has what I call an Ackermann effect, in that the inside wheel turns more than the outside wheel. Unfortunately, the way the mechanics are designed, they don't implement true Ackermann very accurately. Still, if the kart is handling good, you turn the wheel so little, what Ackermann affect you have, as bad as it is, is inconsequential. If you get some push, and you have to turn the wheel significantly farther than normal, the inaccuracies of the Ackermann affect steering, on most karts, show up more. It's easy to see. Turn your wheels lock to lock and see the inaccuracies of the angles of the wheels. As you turn the wheel from straight ahead, the inaccuracies become more and more apparent.
