Chain tension.
Apply 10 ft/lbs of torque to the clutch driver and replace a chain link with something that measures weight, then tell me that a 12 tooth driver will give you the same reading as a 16 tooth driver.
In what follows I'm picturing things looking at the engine, clutch, chain, axle gear and axle from the drivers side.
I read your test to suggest removing links between the clutch driver and the axle. Then replace the removed links with a spring scale. Next hang a 10 pound weight on the chain directly forward of the center of the clutch driver and read what the scale on the chain between the clutch gear and the axle gear tells us, when the axle is locked down and not able to spin. Then do the same with a different driver. I think with different drivers you will get different results.
I remember Al years ago on Pete's site suggesting a different type of test. It's been years and I'm not sure if I'm remembering his test and use of the test correctly. I'm sure he'll correct my errors. ...
In Al's test we will test the whole clutch and axle system. Put your kart on a stand and duck tape one end of a string to a rear tire. Then wrap the string around the tire top to the front enough times, so the end of the string if unwound can reach the ground. You then hang a 10 pound weight on the end of the string, wind it up and time how long it takes the weight to hit the ground. Next change to a different like ratio keeping the length of chain the same. Then wind the string up to the same height and time how long it takes for the weight to hit the ground.
Al, will the same weight using different ratios hit the ground at "exactly" the same time from the same height?
Answer: If you don't do the test and only go by calculations, the calculations will tell you the weight will hit the ground at the same time. But if you do the test, because the physical gears have been changed the weight will not hit the ground at "exactly" the same time.
Ok, we use stagger what would happen if instead of changing gears you just switched the test from one rear tire to the other?
Answer: It will work out the same. If you only calculate what the results will be like the engineers on here calculate ratio is a ratio, neglecting physical changes, the time will be the same. But if you actually do the test you will get different answers because when using a staggered solid axle the two rear tires are physically different, even though the axle to clutch ratio remains the same.
maybe because I just winged it using backyard mechanics. ...