Arc, your correct about the demand diaphragm being pulled down by vacuum "or" when a low pressure area is created under the diaphragm the high pressure area over the top pushes it down, whichever way you want to look at it, it overcomes the spring tension to open the needle for fuel to flow, that's how the carb functions, but Paul's description of pop-off pressure is exactly correct, perhaps he should have said pressure instead of fuel pressure, unless like EC used to recommend, you put some fuel in your pop-off gauge line before pumping some pressure to it. The pop-off pressure is simply the amount of pressure it takes to lift the needle off it's seat just like Paul said, with carb vacuum and diaphragm function not a part of the equation. Al, I'm sure we all appreciate the lesson in correct terminology, I highly doubt that Pota will need to be building a chamber anytime soon though, do you really think how many CC's he has in his combustion chamber or what the ignition timing is matter's at this point. Pota, get you a clutch of some kind so you can start the motor yourself, get in and go play. For direct drive you will always need a very athletic entourage. Jon